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First African baby born using rare, low-cost IVF technique [Hi-Tech]

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A rare type of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) called The Walking Egg (TWE) technology has been used to produce a baby in Ghana.

The healthy 3.3-kilogram baby boy was delivered last week after using the low-cost alternative of the expensive IVF methods available.

The parents of the baby were childless for eight years and had been unsuccessful with the technology twice.

This third successful attempt at a hospital in the capital Accra made Ghana the first country in Africa to produce a baby through this technology.

The Walking Egg technology is another artificial fertility method that enables the fertilization of the sperm and egg outside the human body for about two to five days.

The fertilized egg is then placed back into the womb for the natural gestation period.

This technology was developed in 2014 by Belgian fertility specialist Professor Dr. Willem Ombelet and his team of fertility experts at the Genk Institute for Fertility Technology in Belgium.

The professor’s aim for developing this revolutionary technology was to help couples with fertility issues in developing countries where resources are unavailable.

So far, 89 healthy babies have been born using the method in Belgium, the Netherlands, and Germany.

The Walking Egg technology was introduced in Ghana in 2015 after a fertility conference.

Currently, the second African baby from this technology will soon be born by another Ghanaian woman who is 7 months pregnant.

The professor said in a statement that he has encountered administrative setbacks in launching the technology in Africa.

He noted some of the challenges including, accreditation from authorities, high import duties on equipment, and opposition from conventional IVF institutions.

The Walking Egg technology costs less than one-third, of the cost of a conventional IVF.

Opportunities and challenges to the Rwandan youth

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It is a long-held view that a country that invests in its youth, invests in the sustainability of its achievements.

To realise this, it requires a number of strategies and thank God that in Rwanda, under President Paul Kagame’s leadership, we are on the right track.

On reflection, one finds a series of events that make a Rwandan youth counting himself/herself among the luckiest of their ilk and examples abound as I will explain later in this article.

If you need a well-educated and empowered youth, you have to invest in strategic areas.

To put things into perspective, for a long time in Rwanda, affairs of the youth always took a back seat among national priorities, or simply did not feature anywhere.

The opportunistic leaders of the day only turned to the youth when they needed their energy to fulfill their selfish and evil political agenda.

It was a couple of lost decades that saw the nation with no responsible leadership, no prospects of transformation towards better and no hope for a better generation as the youth who were supposed to carry the torch of hope had been divided along ethnic lines.

Rwanda experienced the apex of its biggest nightmare when the youth were trained to take an active part in the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi, and later on when a hundreds of thousands of them ended up in exile.

In exile, they continued being used by the same selfish leaders to launch subversive attacks on Rwanda in the hope that they would finish off the job they had started – to exterminate the Tutsi.

This tragedy was put to an end, fortunately by another youth-dominated outfit, the RPF Inkotanyi, under its unique leader, Paul Kagame.

Right from the days of the liberation struggle, Kagame passed off as that distinctive leader, one that the world believes a nation only gets in a century.

Well yes, President Paul Kagame has not only brought a sense of order, discipline, great vision, confidence and prosperity to our beautiful nation but he also brought hope, especially among the once hopeless youth.

Under his leadership and unequivocal guidance, the nation has invested in the right things and at the right time.

Let’s face it, Rwanda has never achieved that much in generations like it is doing under Paul Kagame.

Our economy has grown at a supersonic speed year-on-year, our infrastructure is booming, the quality of life is evident for everyone and many other benchmarks one can use to measure a country on the move.

I want in this article to dwell on the opportunities and the challenge that President Kagame’s leadership present to the youth.

Let me start by the unique opportunity we had as a youth to grow up and work at a time when Rwanda is being led by a great leader that is Kagame.

His wisdom in building a strong foundation that underpins the sustainability of all the development programmes has been to invest in the youth.

This, for the youth is an unmatched opportunity that values their lives and that of the nation at large.

His leadership has seen quality education not only becoming a right but also ensuring that education goes beyond classrooms, and students were empowered to become true agents of the transformation on which the country has embarked.

ICT, business, politics have all become areas from where the youth are mentored and initiated to taking active and leadership roles for continuity.

Without doubt, the youth have been empowered to inherit a considerable number of leadership values that should see our country sustain the pace of its transformational journey.

More than ever before, they now know what they stand for and their role in the journey to prosperity that our country has embarked on.

Seizing these opportunities is the only way we as a youth can give back to our leaders for having empowered us to take part and to thrive to keep our journey of a dignified people through progressive and sustainable development.

Having had such a unique opportunity and not being able to value this in action would be the biggest failure of our generation, one that will hold us accountable for decades to come, I would say…it would be a delinquency of failing our nation just like the bad leaders it has known in its dark past.

The challenge now would be, failing to recognize our dignifying expected role as youth, of being committed to keeping Rwanda’s transformation journey real in our mindset, our deeds and though that thriving to safeguarding the gains of our liberation and our dignity as a people.

The challenge is also never to espouse the belief that human kind is one that tends to forgets quickly.

We should forever be thankful for the liberators of our nation, mainly those that paid the ultimate price, and this can only be done through having positive energy to and vigor to transform our country.

Doing this means being able to choose for ourselves what is best for us as a people this is by keeping the leadership style that has brought us thus far and building on the achievements to do even more.

If you agree, then let’s sustain the journey for it is surely a continuing one.

Kagame is a Freedom Fighter not a Power hungry President

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Kigali: Kagame did not choose to be the president of Rwanda, instead it is Rwandans who chose him through a democratic process to lead them, and he did not disappoint. Today, it is the same Rwandans who want him to keep leading them because of his visionary leadership that has turned Rwanda into a prosperous, secure and united country. After close to 4 million Rwandans petitioned parliament to remove presidential term limits, critics especially from foreign countries, have tended to distort facts that the demand for president Kagame to continue leading in 2017, is his own making to cling to power, rather than a wish by citizens, who appreciate his transformational leadership credentials and holding the country together after a violent history and prevailing security threats to Rwanda.
First of all Kagame made it clear that he also supports those who do not want the Constitution to be changed, but he is ready to listen to both sides and get convincing reasons. Blaming Kagame therefore, for what his people want is being unfair to him. I have argued in my previous columns on the uniqueness of Rwanda which seems hard to be understood by foreigners. It is Rwandans themselves who know how they wish to be governed, and on this question they should be left to make their own choices, in the context of their history, culture, self-determination and future aspirations. Let Rwanda’s critics take a tour to Rwanda and talk to Rwandans, as to why they want to make “unpopular” choices. Two simple questions to find out: – Is it true that majority Rwandans want Kagame to continue leading them and why? Secondly, how many Rwandans are opposed to Kagame’s continuity in 2017? From here, then critics can be able to make informed comments and criticisms. However, simple arguments of comparing Rwanda with other countries or Kagame with other leaders African leaders who do not want to leave power is grossly misleading.
Kagame has spent more than half of his life time as a Freedom fighter, a Pan Africanist and a Revolutionary, who has fought against injustice, discrimination, inequality and all other forms of oppression. Being a Revolutionary and a Freedom fighter Kagame, is guided by revolutionary Principles and methods of work, which prohibit self-glorification but rather promote service for the betterment and advancement of humanity. If Kagame wanted to keep himself in power, it means that he would be doing so for personal gains rather than for the interest of the people, a thinking that is contrary to his character, personality, and ideological belief. The wish for Kagame to stay in 2017 is a majority and not a minority demand, which probably defines the Rwandan case as not like ‘other African countries’ where violent protests and demonstrations have been witnessed.
Kagame participated in the liberation of 3 African countries: – Uganda, Rwanda and DR Congo, and he never asked for a pay cheque. In the early 1970s, he was associated with The Front for National Salvation (FRONASA) that was formed in Tanzania and fought alongside Tanzania forces to overthrow Iddi Amin in Uganda in 1979. On 6th Feb, 1981, Kagame was among the 27 ‘boys’ who raided Kabamba barracks in Western Uganda, led by President Yoweri Museveni, sparking the Ugandan liberation war that overthrew the dictatorial regimes of Obote and the Okellos in 1986. Kagame commanded the Rwandan liberation war defeating the genocidal regime and stopped the genocide against the Tutsi in 1994.His re-organization skills of turning an army that had almost been defeated into a formidable force that overthrew a government supported by external military powers is still a case study among war and military strategists.
After the Ugandan liberation war in 1986, Kagame served as the chief of intelligence in the Ugandan government, a position that would enable him to enrich himself if he was a person greedy for money and fame. Instead, his close comrades at the time praise him for his exemplary discipline; hard work and frugality in use of public resources, a quality that has seen him make Rwanda a country that spends wisely. According to The Global Competitiveness report 2015, Rwanda is ranked 4th globally on proper spending of public resources. A power hungry leader naturally is self-seeking, and self-enriching and very difficult to disassociate such a leader from corruption tendencies. Kagame, is admired for his intolerance to corruption and to date, Rwanda is one of the least corrupt countries on the African continent, and the first least corrupt in East Africa (Transparency International Corruption Perception Index 2012-2014). Again in Rwanda, 88 percent of the citizens are satisfied with the way institutions fight corruption (RGS 2014).
During the Rwandan liberation struggle, The Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA) accepted to surrender conquered territory to create a demilitarized zone, and give chance to peaceful settlement of the conflict, and latter accepted to sign a Peace Agreement with the government in 1993.One African rebel leader at the time said that, “for a rebel force to retreat and willingly give up captured territory is a sign of military weakness”. Other military strategists from the developed world, had classified Kagame’s rebel force as weak, ill equipped, lacked financial resources to sustain the war and also had no known powerful countries supporting it, and had therefore arrived at a conclusion that it was impossible for such a rag- tag rebel force to win the war which was on the other side supported by super powers like France. Kagame against all odds won the war proving critics wrong. The most interesting story about Kagame that demonstrates his lack of power hungriness is that he never installed himself as the President but instead allowed his party –the RPF, to nominate a civilian president. Had he been power hungry, as a commander in- chief who had won a four year tough armed struggle, living in foxholes he would not agree to hand power to a civilian on a silver platter.
From Independence in the 1960s, Rwanda has had failure of leadership, and the country lost fundamental values of Unity, Peace, and development. The dimensions of the intrinsic meaning and attachment by Rwandans on the re-invention and being of Rwanda under the first successful leadership they have had in a life time are hard to understand by foreigners; only Rwandans themselves do and this is why what they do seem strange to outsiders. Kagame is a unique leader who has united the country and worked hard to put Rwanda where it is today. Give Rwandans a chance without external influence to exercise their rights and freedoms, which is what democracy, is all about. (End).

Six foods that cause diarrhea

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Diarrhea is a common condition with many possible causes. Some cases of diarrhea are due to infections. Sometimes it occurs as a side effect of medication, or as a symptom of other conditions, such as celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease.

This article focuses on foods that can cause diarrhea. Learn about foods that cause diarrhea, how to tell if diarrhea is due to something that has been eaten, treatment options, and when to see a doctor.

1. Sugar and sugar substitutes

Foods that are high in sugar can cause diarrhea. When people eat foods that contain a lot of sugar, water enters their intestines, which can result in very loose stools.

Fructose is a component of table sugar and is also found naturally in fruits. Some fruits contain more fructose than others. Some examples of foods high in fructose include:

  • apple juice
  • grapes
  • agave
  • soda

The body can only digest a certain amount of fructose at one time. Consuming more fructose than the body can absorb, may cause diarrhea.

Dr. Norton Greenberger, a gastroenterologist and Harvard Medical School professor, states that “75 percent of people who ingest more than 40 to 80 grams of fructose per day will get diarrhea.”

Another source estimates that approximately 30 to 40 percent of people have trouble absorbing significant amounts of fructose.

Sugar alcohols, including sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, and erythritol, are commonly used to sweeten foods labeled “sugar-free” or “no sugar added.” These sugar alcohols are not well absorbed by the body and can cause diarrhea in some people, especially if consumed in large amounts.

People should be sure to check the ingredients list of foods labeled “sugar-free” or “no sugar added,” such as chewing gums, candy, and protein bars, to see if they contain any sugar alcohols.

2. Caffeine

As caffeine is a stimulant, it may cause diarrhea.

Drinks and foods that contain caffeine can cause diarrhea in some people. Caffeine is a stimulant and accelerates the rate that food moves through the intestines.

Common dietary sources of caffeine include:

  • chocolate
  • coffee
  • soda
  • tea

3. High-fat and spicy foods

 

Fried foods and other foods that contain a lot of fat can cause diarrhea because they are difficult for the body to process.

Although it is no longer commonly used by the food industry, a fat substitute known as Olestra can cause diarrhea. People should check labels of fat-free products, such as potato chips, to see if it lists Olestra as an ingredient.

Spicy foods, such as those that contain hot peppers, are another common cause of diarrhea.

4. Lactose

People who are lactose intolerant may experience diarrhea, in addition to other symptoms, after they consume dairy products. Lactose intolerance is prevalent among African-Americans, Asian-Americans, Mexican Americans, and Native Americans.

Some people with lactose intolerance may be able to tolerate small amounts of dairy products that are aged or those that are lower in lactose. These products include yogurt, kefir, and hard cheeses.

5. FODMAPs

Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols are a category of carbohydrates called FODMAPs. High-FODMAP foods are difficult for some people to digest and may cause diarrhea.

Some categories already mentioned in this article, like fructose, lactose, and sugar alcohols, are considered FODMAPs. The list of high-FODMAP foods is extensive, but a few other examples include:

  • artichokes
  • beans
  • garlic
  • onions

A low-FODMAP diet can be challenging to follow due to a large number of restricted foods. If someone thinks that FODMAPs may be the cause of their diarrhea, a registered dietitian can provide education and guidance.

6. Gluten

Gluten is the protein in wheat, rye, and barley, and many of the people who have problems digesting it have a serious illness, such as celiac disease. When someone has celiac disease, their immune system reacts to gluten and triggers damage to the small intestine.

People that do not have celiac disease may still have issues tolerating gluten. If someone suspects that gluten may be responsible for their diarrhea, it is important that they see a doctor for proper testing before starting a gluten-free diet.

Volkswagen to Open Car Manufacturing Plant in Rwanda

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Volkswagen has announced plans to set up a manufacturing plant in Rwanda by the end of 2017.

The company’s Chief Executive Thomas Schafer has said the plant, which will be based in Kigali, will have an output of 1000 cars annually.

Schäfer said that Volkswagen will try to ensure that the new factory works as a local manufacturer ensuring that the cars are environmentally-friendly, have low fuel consumption and quick access to the local market.

“Rwanda is a most amazing country; you have got processes that are super organized. I think Rwanda will be the blueprint for Africa. If we can get in right here, we will get it right in all other places in Africa. But Rwanda will be the first place,” Schäfer told Media

Rwanda is the fourth production facility of VW on the Africa continent with other plants in South Africa.

Rwanda begins construction of mega airport

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The newly re-elected Rwandan President Paul Kagame yesterday laid the foundation of what is to become the country’s main airport worth 818 million USD.

“I am pleased to join you today to break ground on this important national project. We are as determined as you are to see this airport completed and operational,” the president-elect said after laying a foundation stone.

The Mega Bugesera Airport located in Bugesera District, Eastern Province of Rwanda –a 30 minutes drive from the capital Kigali- is expected to have ultra-modern facilities.

“This is the best time to officially launch the construction works of the facility that was conceptualized back in 2009,” said Rwanda’s Minister for Infrastructure, James Musoni.

The construction of the airport will be in two-phase, with the first phase expected to cost 414 million USD and be completed by December 2018.

Rwanda expects over 1.7 million passengers to use the airport annually before the second is finished, the second phase will allow the airport to handle up to 4.5 million passengers.

“The proposed airport will increase global connectivity as well as support the country’s ambition of becoming a hub for ICT-based services as well as a finance and transportation hub,” said Musoni.

Mota-Engil Africa, a Portuguese-based firm, will develop the project under a public-private partnership on a 25-year concession and an optional 15-year extension.

Freedom of speech and expression can be abused

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Long time ago terrorist attack on Charlie Hebdo offices in Paris ignited a debate on freedom of speech and of expression.

One side argued that these freedoms have a red line that should not be crossed, while the other maintained that Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) gives an open door to any form of boundless free speech and expression.

Let me first say, that the wise woman (Mrs Eleanor Roosevelt, who was the widow of President Franklin Roosevelt of the United States) and wise men who drafted the UDHR were very well-intentioned but committed one assumption; that it was obvious to any right-thinking individual, while applying article 19, that reason, conscience and common sense would always prevail without being specified in the article.

It is clear, therefore, that if article 19, is considered as a dogma and looked at in isolation of other provisions and intent of the Universal Declaration of Human rights, then this creates a short-sighted assumption that freedom of speech and freedom of expression has no limits. For example, article 1 of the UDHR says: “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood”. The fact that human beings have reason and conscience, it helps to use them in all aspects of their lives, including the personal judgment of the purpose, intent, and possible actions and reactions of the application of free speech and free expression, hence the complementarity of the two articles.

For purposes of comparison, let us again consider article 24, of the same declaration which says; “Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay”. If this article was lifted and applied literally by contractual employees, some would, for example, abscond from work any time they wanted claiming that article 24 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights gives them the right of unlimited rest and leisure!

Come to think about what happened in Rwanda during the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi. A musician Simon Bikindi, a journalist Hassan Ngeze who wrote the infamous Hutu Ten Commandments and Jean Bosco Barayagwiza (RTLM), in a case that was commonly referred to as “the hate media trial” were sentenced by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) to more than 30 years in prison each for the words that they said, sung or wrote.

The trio claimed that they exercised freedom of speech and freedom of expression. Their conviction, trial, and sentencing by the ICTR was evidence that even International law recognizes that there is a red line while exercising freedom of speech and freedom of expression.

The UDHR is neither a law nor a dogmatic code of conduct. It is a document that states basic rights and fundamental freedoms to which all human beings are entitled. The provisions of the UDHR serve to form the general human rights principles over which individual nations align their domestic legislation regarding basic rights and freedoms.

Media and human rights watchdogs and activists have conveniently misinterpreted article 19, which does not in any way endorse the content of free speech and expression. Furthermore, there is a misinformed perception that freedom of speech and expression disregards national laws.

There is a common belief today that the genuine collective pursuit of the common good, universal justice, and human rights, regardless of diversity inform of culture, religion, race, color, society values, etc, has been eroded by hypocrisy, greed, individualism, and moral deficiency.

It is obvious that when freedom of speech and expression is abused it is likely to create social disorder, violence, and in extreme cases death of innocent lives as was the case in Rwanda in 1994.

 

Gerald Mbanda is a member of the Pan African movement.
Twitter: @GeraldMbanda

There may be a lot of water hiding under the moon’s dusty surface, researchers say

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For decades, scientists have thought the moon was a dry, dusty place, but it may be time to re-write the astronomy books.

New findings are upending decades of understanding about our closest neighbor in space; an analysis of satellite data suggests the moon’s interior may actually be pretty wet, which could help make it easier to fly to the moon and back, or even stay there awhile, reports CBS News’ Jan Crawford.

Using a recent picture of the moon’s surface, and measuring the reflecting light, researchers at Brown University were able to detect water molecules in the colored areas. Red and yellow indicates a high concentration.

Planetary geologist Ralph Milliken is the lead author of the study.

“Some of these deposits that we observe on the moon span thousands of square kilometers. They’re absolutely enormous,” Milliken said.

It works like this: when the moon was young and still volcanically active, violent eruptions released water molecules trapped in the moon’s mantle. As the magma cooled, the molecules became trapped again — this time inside volcanic glass beads embedded in moon rocks left behind on the surface.

A similar process happens when volcanoes erupt here on Earth.

On the moon, Milliken says most of the water is dispersed deep below the crust, locked away in its rocky interior.

“We can bake that water out of those rocks,” said Derrick Pitts, Chief Astronomer at the Franklin Institute.

He says the moon’s water could be used for drinking, as well as to provide oxygen for breathing and hydrogen for rocket fuel.

“We wouldn’t have to carry so many basic commodities to the moon, which turns out to be one of the most expensive things we can do in space exploration,” Pitts said.

“To actually get, say, a liter of water you probably have to mine and harvest maybe one to 300 cubic feet of material. An important question in all of that would be, is it economically feasible to do so?” Milliken said.

Milliken doesn’t think the discovery of large amounts of water on the moon means it could support life as we know it. He says the conditions there are still pretty inhospitable to the kinds of organisms we have here on Earth.

The essence and significance of the Africa culture in fostering good relations in the East Africa Region

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Most missed out the big story in the recent visit to Rwanda by Tanzanian President John Pombe Magufuli. Media outlets highlighted the event where the visiting president and his host President Paul Kagame opened the Rusumo one-stop border post. It was mentioned that the one stop border would ease trade and business operations as the two East African community members are governed by a single customs territory. During the two days visit, President Magufuli also joined Rwandans in the commemoration of the Genocide against the Tutsi. He accompanied his host to light the flame of hope that will keep burning for the next 100days; the duration of the Genocide period. In as much as the two events highlighted by the media were very significant in gauging the relationship between the two neighboring countries, I beg to differ. The big story was not in the two events mentioned above, but rather in the essence and significance of the African culture where president Kagame gave five cows to his visitor. The event was either mentioned in passing or totally ignored. It came to my realization that schools of journalism have taught us to tell stories from the Western point of view thereby influencing the African journalist to be alienated from his native culture, hence the failure to tell the African story ‘brewed in an African pot’. When Kagame hosted Magufuli at his private home, they had time to talk about a number of issues concerning their countries and their personal and family matters. It goes without saying, therefore, that there are qualities that President Kagame admired in the personality and friendship of President Magufuli that prompted him to offer cows to his special guest. Thereafter, President Kagame gave his visitor a shepherd’s stick and both walked to a kraal where Kagame selected five good-looking cows as a gift in accordance with the Rwandan tradition. This gesture is symbolic in the relationship between the two statesmen. Through African cultural diplomacy- establishing a stronger interpersonal bond rooted in the African cultural traditions and values. President Kagame gave Tanzanian President Magufuli five cows (Photo credits: www.Paulkagame.com) The two presidents come from ‘the cow culture people’ and the significance of the cow giving ceremony has much deeper meaning both to the giver and the recipient. A cow is the most precious and treasured gift one can give to a friend, whose intrinsic and cultural value has no monetary equivalence. A cow is a symbol of love, expressed to a trusted and reliable friend. Through this cultural gesture Kagame and Magufuli made a peace pact based on African tradition, symbolizing a new relationship, that binds the two leaders not to involve in any form of intrigues against each other, but only to be defined by peaceful relations and comradeship. From our forefathers, the act of cow giving establishes confidence and mutual trust. President Kagame did not choose to give his guest the coveted foreign and imported cattle breeds like Friesian Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss and the like; but opted to give him the long-horned pure African cattle. In Rwanda, this breed traditionally known as Inyambo is very rare and owned by very few cattle keepers. These pure breeds were selected through a process that involved a three-layer inter-breeding process between high-quality cows, a process that was done by ordinary cattle keepers who knew no vocabulary of genetics. It is believed that the milk of Inyambo cows does not contain cholesterol which is a health threat to milk consumers. It speaks volumes, therefore, of the impression Kagame had of president Magufuli being a first-time visiting president. Going by the Rwandan culture, President Kagame gave away the very best of his cows as that is what his beloved guest deserved. Each cow had a name implying the attachment the giver had on each of the cows. According to the Rwandan culture, the recipient in some way recognizes the great gift offered to him or her. Supposing President Kagame gave me a cow today, I will always make it known to other friends (Kagame wampayinka/ Kagame who gave me a cow!), hence appreciating the special gift and admiring the giver and the act would always be close to my heart. This is how special the cow gift is in the Rwandan culture. The reason I say that the media missed the big story is that the one-stop border post that was inaugurated and given much media attention may not translate per say into easy movement of goods and people; but the bond and relationship established through the cow giving ceremony, creates more trust between Presidents Kagame and Magufuli, enabling good political will for trade and easy movement of people to take place between Rwanda and Tanzania. Take the example where in the South of Rwanda, bordering Burundi, a one stop border post was inaugurated in 2014, at a place called Nemba. Even though this facility has been in place for two years, Rwandans travelling to Burundi have not done so smoothly, as of today; Rwandan authorities are seeking explanations from the Burundian government on the mysterious death in prison of a former cabinet Minister and diplomat Dr. Jacque Bihozagara. The mere presence of a one stop border facility therefore, does not guarantee trade and easy movement of the people, but establishment of a stronger cordial relationship by leaders through cultural bonding creates more assurance of peace, stability, trade and smooth movement of citizens across the borders. Similarly, leaders visiting each other’s capitals on important occasions does not imply good relationship, sometimes it is simply a mere diplomatic obligation, when in reality the leaders are not even on talking terms. Again, those who considered the visit, by president Magufuli as a sign of good relations miss the crux of the western diplomatic hypocrisy, and therefore, the measure of how the leaders relate is a more reliable indicator of how other forms of collaboration between countries take place. Western dominance in almost all spheres of life has alienated us from our own culture to the extent that we do not give it value yet it is more meaningful in defining who we are and how we relate as Africans. From the time of colonization there have been deliberate efforts by the west to destruct and kill our cultural heritage because they know our culture stands for high moral values and keeps us united to defend our interests. In 1835, One British colonial governor Lord Macaulay while addressing the British parliament about their colony of India said, “..I do not think we would ever conquer this country unless we break the very backbone of this nation, which is her spiritual and cultural heritage”. This colonial philosophy was applied even in Africa and it was highly successful. Lord Macaulay further went on with his address to give a proposal to the British house, to replace the education system and culture in order to change the thinking of the colonized by hating their own and liking what is foreign. “For if the Indians think that all that is foreign and English is good and greater than their own they will lose their self-esteem, their native culture and they will become what we want them, a truly dominated nation”, Lord Macaulay concluded . This deliberate strategy of poisoning and killing African education and culture is what makes us lose appreciation of what makes a big story in the African cultural set up. Diplomatic practice requires all concepts of diplomacy to be integrated including cultural ones. The renewed relationship between presidents Kagame and Magufuli through the African cultural practice of the cow giving ceremony, guarantees more confidence and trust for trade and smooth movement of people to take place. The cultural practice establishes an unwritten peace pact where the two leaders became allies and ready to give support to each other in case of need. This was the practice in our relations in the African society before the back bone of our culture was crushed by colonial interest. President Magufuli’s impression, though still relatively new as a head of state of the Republic of Tanzania, is remarkable and his work ethics and patriotic values match those of Tanzania’s founding father Mwalimu Julius Nyerere. Regional rating so far puts both presidents Magufuli and Kagame at the fore front of combating corruption and extravagant expenditure of tax payer’s money. Giving value to our culture as expressed by the leaders of Rwanda and Tanzania can be a great opportunity to create dedicated friendship that translates into good relations with a common understanding, for peace, security and development not only for two countries but the East African region and Africa as a whole.

Experts help Rwanda to preserve wetlands

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A team in the NASA-UAH DEVELOP lab in Huntsville is using satellite sensors to help Rwanda get a reliable inventory of its wetland resources, plus developing tools it can use to track how that area shrinks or grows in the future.

Alex McVey, a senior majoring in Earth system science at The University of Alabama in Huntsville (AUH), was the project lead this summer for DEVELOP’s Rwanda ecological forecasting project.

“Our goal was to map the extent of wetlands and to create a map of its past extent, so they can forecast changes and analyze degradation as land is changed to meet more agricultural needs,” says McVey, who has served as an intern with DEVELOP for the last three semesters.

“That way they can allocate resources to save the wetlands because they are such a critical ecosystem.” He added.

McVey says about 11 percent of Rwanda is covered in wetlands at present. The DEVELOP team is working with an environmental group based in Germany to help Rwanda come up with a plan for meeting its UN-set goals for sustainable development.
That can be a challenge in a country that has almost 13 million people living in a space less than one-fifth the size of Alabama.

During the summer, the team used images from two Landsat satellites to create past and present maps of Rwandan wetlands.

“We used to a mostly visual classification approach,” says McVey, who had no previous experience with geospatial information systems.

“We created a repository of what an area should look like, which parts are grasslands or agriculture or wetlands. We told the computer, and it generated a map. It was pretty fun.”

The next group assigned to this project will use satellite-based radar to produce accurate maps of current conditions. “With synthetic-aperture radar, you can see the water on the ground, which is what you would like to do,” he says. “It’s pretty interesting.”

News wise says, a native of Camden County, Georgia, McVey spent much of the past spring getting up early so he could help a team of students prepares weather forecasts and nowcasts for a NASA research aircraft flying missions to study lightning and severe weather over the Southeast.